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An alternative tool for detecting underground nuclear explosions? By Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska, Jihye Park, Joseph Helmboldt,  Ralph R. B. von Frese, Thomas Wilson, and Jade Morton Well-concealed underground nuclear explosions may go undetected by International Monitoring System sensors. An independent technique of detection and verification may be offered by GPS-based analysis of local traveling ionospheric disturbances excited by an explosion. Most of the work to date has been at the research demonstration stage; however, operational capability is possible, based on the worldwide GPS network of permanently tracking receivers. This article discusses a case study of detecting underground nuclear explosions using observations from GPS tracking stations and the Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico. More than 2,000 nuclear tests were carried out between 1945 and 1996, when the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. Signatory countries and the number of tests conducted by each country are the United States (1000+), the Soviet Union (700+), France (200+), the United Kingdom, and China (45 each). Three countries have broken the de facto moratorium and tested nuclear weapons since 1996: India and Pakistan in 1998 (two tests each), and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in 2006 and 2009, and most recently, in 2013. To date, 183 countries have signed the treaty. Of those, 159 countries have also ratified the treaty, including three nuclear weapon states: France, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom. However, before the treaty can enter into force, 44 specific nuclear-technology-holder countries must sign and ratify. Of these, India, North Korea and Pakistan have yet to sign the CTBT, and China, Egypt, Iran, Israel, and the United States have not ratified it. The treaty has a unique and comprehensive verification regime to make sure that no nuclear explosion goes undetected. The primary components of the regime are: The International Monitoring System: The IMS includes 337 facilities (85 percent completed to date) worldwide to monitor for signs of any nuclear explosions. International Data Center: The IDC processes and analyzes data registered at IMS stations and produces data bulletins. Global Communications Infrastructure: This transmits IMS data to the IDC, and transmits data bulletins and raw IMS data from IDC to member states. Consultation and Clarification: If a member state feels that data collected imply a nuclear explosion, this process can be undertaken to resolve and clarify the matter. On-Site Inspection: OSI is regarded as the final verification measure under the treaty. Confidence-Building Measures: These are voluntary actions. For example, a member state will notifying CTBTO when there will be large detonations, such as a chemical explosion or a mining blast. The IMS (see Figure 1) uses the following state-of-the-art technologies. Numbers given reflect the target configuration: Seismic: Fifty primary and 120 auxiliary seismic stations monitor shockwaves in the Earth. The vast majority of these shockwaves — many thousands every year — are caused by earthquakes. But man-made explosions such as mine explosions or the North Korean nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, and 2013 are also detected. Hydroacoustic: As sound waves from explosions can travel extremely far underwater, 11 hydroacoustic stations “listen” for sound waves in the Earth oceans. Infrasound: Sixty stations on the surface of the Earth can detect ultra-low-frequency sound waves that are inaudible to the human ear, which are released by large explosions. Radionuclide: Eighty stations measure the atmosphere for radioactive particles; 40 of them can also detect the presence of noble gas. Figure 1. The International Monitoring System (IMS): worldwide facilities grouped by detection technologies used. Only the radionuclide measurements can give an unquestionable indication as to whether an explosion detected by the other methods was actually nuclear or not. The observing stations are supported by 16 radionuclide laboratories. Since radionuclide detection method provides the ultimate verification as far as the type of blast goes, it should be mentioned that while the 2006 North Korean event (yield of less than a kiloton) was detected by the IMS stations in more than 20 different sites within two hours of detonation, and both seismic signal and radioactive material were detected, the 2009 event (yield of a few kilotons) was detected by 61 IMS stations; seismic and infrasound signals were detected, but no radioactive material was picked up by the radionuclide stations. Seismic signal was consistent with a nuclear test, but there was no “ultimate” proof by the radionuclide method. Thus, well-concealed underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) may be undetected by some of the IMS sensors (such as the  radionuclide network). This raises a question: Is there any other technology that is readily available that can detect and discriminate various types of blasts, particularly those of nuclear type? Recent experiments have shown that an independent technique of detection and verification may be offered by GPS-based analysis of local traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) excited by an explosion. GNSS-Based Detection Atmospheric effects from mostly atmospheric nuclear explosions have been studied since the 1960s.The ionospheric delay in GNSS signals observed by the ground stations can be processed into total electron content (TEC), which is the total number of electrons along the GNSS signal’s path between the satellite and the receiver on the ground. The TEC derived from the slant signal path, referred to as the slant TEC (STEC), can be observed and analyzed to identify disturbances associated with the underground nuclear explosion. STEC signature (in spectral and/or spatial-temporal domains) can be analyzed to detect local traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID). TID can be excited by acoustic gravity waves from a point source, such as surface or underground explosions, geomagnetic storms, tsunamis, and tropical storms. TIDs can be classified as Large-Scale TID (LSTID) and Medium-Scale TID (MSTID) based on their periods regardless of the generation mechanism. The periods of LSTIDs generally range between 30–60 minutes to several hours, and those of MSTIDs range from 10 to 40 or even 60 minutes. LSTIDs mostly occur from geophysical events, such as geomagnetic storms, which can be indicated by global Kp indices, while MSTIDs are genrally not related to any high score Kp indices. An underground nuclear explosion can result in an MSTID. TIDs are generated either by internal gravity wave (IGW) or by acoustic gravity wave (AGW). The collisional interaction between the neutral and charged components cause ionospheric responses. The experimental results indicate IGWs can change the ozone concentration in the atmosphere. In the ionosphere, the motion of the neutral gas in the AGW sets the ionospheric plasma into motion. The AGW changes the iso-ionic contours, resulting in a traveling ionospheric disturbance. The past 10–15 years has resulted in a significant body of research, and eventually a practical application, with worldwide coverage, of GPS-based ionosphere monitoring. A significant number of International GNSS Service (IGS) permanent GNSS tracking stations (see Figure 2) form a powerful scientific tool capable of near real-time monitoring and detection of various ionospheric anomalies, such as those originating from the underground nuclear explosions (UNEs). Figure 2. The IGS global tracking network of 439 stations. The network is capable of continuously monitoring global ionospheric behavior based on ionospheric delays in the GNSS signals. The GNSS signals are readily accessible anywhere on Earth at a temporal resolution ranging from about 30 seconds up to less than 1 second. A powerful means to isolate and relate disturbances observed in TEC measurements from different receiver-satellite paths is to analyze the spectral coherence of the disturbances. However, in our algorithms, we emphasize the spatial and temporal relationship among the TEC observations. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in TEC are indicative of the dynamics of the ionosphere, and thus help in mapping TIDs excited by acoustic-gravity waves from point sources, as well as by geomagnetic storms, tropical storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic explosions, and other effects. Methodology of UNE Detection Figure 3 illustrates the concept of the generation of the acoustic gravity wave by a UNE event, and its propagation through the ionosphere that results in a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). The primary points of our approach are: (1) STEC is calculated from dual-frequency GPS carrier phase data, (2) after eliminating the main trend in STEC by taking the numerical third order horizontal 3-point derivatives, the TIDs are isolated, (3) we assume an array signature of the TID waves, (4) we assume constant radial propagation velocity, vT, using an apparent velocity, vi, of the TID at the ith observing GNSS station, (5) since the TID’s velocity is strongly affected by the ionospheric wind velocity components, vN and vE, in the north and east directions, respectively, the unknown parameters,vT, vN, and vE, can be estimated relative to the point source epicenter, and (6) if more than six GNSS stations in good geometry observe the TID in GNSS signals, the coordinates of the epicenter can also be estimated. Figure 3a. Pictorial representation of the scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal (3-point STEC derivative); not to scale. Figure 3b. The scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal and a point source (e.g., UNE) that generates acoustic gravity waves; not to scale. Figure 3c. The scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal, and the propagation of the acoustic gravity waves generated by a point source (e.g., UNE); not to scale. Figure 3d. The scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal, at the epoch when the GNSS signal is affected by the propagation of the acoustic gravity waves generated by a point source (e.g., UNE); not to scale. Figure 3e. Same as 3D, indicating that the geometry between GNSS station, the satellite and the IPP can be recovered and used for locating the point source; multiple GNSS stations are needed to find the point source location and the the velocity components of TID and ionospheric winds; not to scale. Figure 3f. Same as 3D, after the TID wave passed the line of sight between the GNSS stations and the satellite; not to scale. Figure 4 illustrates the geometry of detection of the point source epicenter. Determination of the epicenter of the point source that induced TIDs can be achieved by trilateration, similarly to GPS positioning concept. The TIDs, generated at the point source, propagate at certain speed, and are detected by multiple GPS stations. The initial assumption in our work was to use a constant propagation velocity of a TID. By observing the time of TID arrival at the ionospheric pierce point (IPP), the travel distance from the epicenter to the IPP of the GPS station that detected a TID (which is the slant distance from the ith station and the kth satellite) can be derived using a relationship with the propagation velocity. In this study, we defined a thin shell in the ionosphere F layer, 300 kilometers above the surface, and computed the IPP location for each GPS signal at the corresponding time epoch of TID detection. Figure 4. Geometry of point source detection based on TID signals detected at the IPP of GPS station, i, with GPS satellite k. Unknown: coordinates of the point source, ( ф, λ ); three components of TID velocity vT, vN, and vE ; Observations: coordinates of IPP, (xik, yik, zik) and the corresponding time epoch to TID arrival at IPP, tik; Related terms: slant distance between IPP and UNE, sik; horizontal distance between the point source epicenter and the GPS station coordinates, di; azimuth and the elevation angle of IPP as seen from the UNE, αjk and εjk , respectively. Very Large Array (VLA) In addition to GNSS-based method of ionosphere monitoring, there are other more conventional techniques, for example, ground-based ionosondes, high-frequency radars, Doppler radar systems, dual-frequency altimeter, and radio telescopes. In our research, we studied the ionospheric detection of UNEs using GPS and the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope. The VLA is a world-class UHF/VHF interferometer 50 miles west of Socorro, New Mexico. It consists of 27 dishes in a Y-shaped configuration, each one 25 meters in diameter, cycled through four configurations (A, B, C, D) spanning 36, 11, 3.4, and 1 kilometers, respectively. The instrument measures correlations between signals from pairs of antennas, used to reconstruct images of the sky equivalent to using a much larger single telescope. While conducting these observations, the VLA provides 27 parallel lines of sight through the ionosphere toward cosmic sources. Past studies have shown that interferometric radio telescopes like the VLA can be powerful tools for characterizing ionospheric fluctuations over a wide range of amplitudes and scales. We used these new VLA-based techniques and a GPS-based approach to investigate the signature of a TID originated by a UNE jointly observed by both GPS and the VLA. For this case study, we selected one of the 1992 U.S. UNEs for which simultaneous GPS and VLA data were available. Table 1. Characteristics of the analyzed events (UNEs). Experimental Results We summarize here the test studies performed by the OSU group in collaboration with Miami University and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory on detection and discrimination of TIDs resulting from UNEs using the GNSS-based and VLA-based techniques. Table 1 lists the UNE events that have been analyzed to date. As of March 2013, the results of the 2013 North Korean UNE were not fully completed, so they are not included here. In the 2006 and 2009 North Korean UNE experiments, STEC data from six and 11 nearby GNSS stations, respectively, were used. Within about 23 minutes to a few hours since the explosion, the GNSS stations detected the TIDs, whose arrival time for each station formulated the linear model with respect to the distance to the station. TIDs were observed to propagate with speeds of roughly 150–400 m/s at stations about 365 km to 1330 km from the explosion site. Considering the ionospheric wind effect, the wind-adjusted TIDs located the UNE to within about 2.7 km of its seismically determined epicenter (for the 2009 event; no epicenter location was performed for the 2006 event due to insufficient data). The coordinates estimated by our algorithm are comparable to the seismically determined epicenter, with the accuracy close to the seismic method itself. It is important to note that the accuracy of the proposed method is likely to improve if the stations in better geometry are used and more signals affected by a TID can be observed. An example geometry of UNE detection is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. Locations of the underground nuclear explosion (UNE) in 2009 and GNSS stations C1 (CHAN), C2 (CHLW), D1 (DAEJ), D2 (DOND), I1 (INJE), S1 (SUWN), S2 (SHAO), S3 (SOUL), U1 (USUD), Y1 (YANP), Y2 (YSSK) on the coastline map around Korea, China, and Japan. The TID waves are highlighted for stations C1, D1, D2, I1. The bold dashed line indicates the ground track for satellite PRN 26 with dots that indicating the arrival times of the TIDs at their IPPs. All time labels in the figure are in UTC. For the Hunters Trophy and the Divider UNE tests, the array signature of TIDs at the vicinity of GPS stations was observed for each event. By applying the first-order polynomial model to compute the approximate velocity of TID propagation for each UNE, the data points — that is the TID observations — were fit to the model within the 95 percent confidence interval, resulting in the propagation velocities of 570 m/s and 740 m/s for the Hunters Trophy and the Divider, respectively. The VLA has observing bands between 1 and 50 GHz, and prior to 2008 had a separate VHF system with two bands centered at 74 and 330  MHz. A new wider-band VHF system is currently being commissioned. The VHF bands and L-band (1.4 GHz) are significantly affected by the ionosphere in a similar way as the GPS signal. In this study, we used VLA observations at L-band of ionospheric fluctuations as an independent verification of the earlier developed method based on the GNSS TID detection for UNE location and discrimination from TIDs generated by other types of point sources. The VLA, operated as an interfer-ometer, measures the correlation of complex voltages from each unique pair of antennas (baselines), to produce what are referred to as visibilities. Each antenna is pointed at the same cosmic source; however, due to spatial separation, each antenna’s line of sight passes through a different part of the ionosphere. Consequently, the measured visibilities include an extra phase term due to the difference in ionospheric delays, which translates to distortions in the image made with the visibilities. This extra phase term is proportional to the difference in STEC along the lines of sight of the two telescopes that form a baseline. Thus, the interferometer is sensitive to the STEC gradient rather than STEC itself, which renders it capable of sensing both temporal and spatial fluctuations in STEC. The spectral analysis was performed on the STEC gradients recovered from each baseline that observed the Hunters Trophy event. Briefly, a time series of the two-dimensional STEC gradient is computed at each antenna. Then, a three-dimensional Fourier transform is performed, one temporal and two spatial, over the array and within a given time period (here ~15 minutes). The resulting power spectrum then yields information about the size, direction, and speed of any detected wavelike disturbances within the STEC gradient data. Roughly 20 to 25 minutes after the UNE, total fluctuation power increased dramatically (by a factor of about 5×103).  At this time, the signature of waves moving nearly perpendicular to the direction from Hunters Trophy (toward the northeast and southwest) was observed using the three-dimensional spectral analysis technique. These fluctuations had wavelengths of about 2 km and inferred speeds of 2-8 m s-1. This implies that they are likely due to small-scale distortions moving along the wavefront, not visible with GPS. Assuming that these waves are associated with the arrival of disturbances associated with the Hunters Trophy event, a propagation speed of 570–710 m/s was calculated, which is consistent with the GPS results detailed above. In addition, a TID, possibly induced by the February 12, 2013, North Korean UNE, was also detected using the nearby IGS stations, by the detection algorithm referred to earlier. Eleven TID waves were found from ten IGS stations, which were located in South Korea, Japan, and Russia. Due to the weakness of the geometry, the epicenter and the ionospheric wind velocity were not determined at this point. The apparent velocity of TID was roughly about 330–800 m/s, and was calculated using the arrival time of the TID after the UNE epoch and the slant distance between the corresponding IPP and the epicenter. The reported explosion yield was bigger, compared to the 2009 North Korean UNE, which possibly affected the propagation velocity by releasing a stronger energy. However, more in-depth investigation of this event and the corresponding GPS data is required. Conclusions Research shows that UNEs disturb the ionosphere, which results in TIDs that can be detected by GNSS permanent tracking stations as well as the VLA. We have summarized several GNSS-based TID detections induced by various UNEs, and verified the GNSS-based technique independently by a VLA-based method using the 1992 U.S. UNE, Hunters Trophy. It should be noted that VLA observation was not available during the time of the Divider UNE test; hence, only the Hunters Trophy was jointly detected by GPS and the VLA. Our  studies performed to date suggest that the global availability of GNSS tracking networks may offer a future UNE detection method, which could complement the International Monitoring System (IMS). We have also shown that radio-frequency arrays like the VLA may also be a useful asset for not only detecting UNEs, but for obtaining a better understanding of the structure of the ionospheric waves generated by these explosions. The next generation of HV/VHF telescopes being developed (such as the Lower Frequency Array in the Netherlands, the Long Wavelength Array in New Mexico, the Murchison Widefield Array in Australia) utilize arrays of dipole antennas, which are much cheaper to build and operate and are potentially portable. It is conceivable that a series of relatively economical and relocatable arrays consisting of these types of dipoles could provide another valuable supplement to the current IMS in the future, particularly for low-yield UNEs that may not be detectable with GPS. Acknowledgment This article is based on a paper presented at the Institute of Navigation Pacific PNT Conference held April 22–25, 2013, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska is a professor and chair, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, and director of the Satellite Positioning and Inertial Navigation (SPIN) Laboratory at The Ohio State University. Jihye Park recently completed her Ph.D. in Geodetic Science program at The Ohio State University. She obtained her B.A. and M.S degrees in Geoinformatics from The University of Seoul, South Korea. Joseph Helmboldt is a radio astronomer within the Remote Sensing Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Ralph R.B. von Frese is a professor in the Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences of the School of Earth Sciences at Ohio State University. Thomas Wilson is a radio astronomer within the Remote Sensing Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Yu (Jade) Morton is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Miami University.

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Universal power supply ctcus-5.3-0.4 ac adapter 5.3vdc 400ma use,dymo tead-48-2460600u ac adapter 24vdc 600ma used -(+)- 90 degre,compaq 340754-001 ac adapter 10vdc 2.5a used - ---c--- + 305 306,jhs-q34-adp ac adapter 5vdc 2a used 4 pin molex hdd power connec,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.black&decker tce-180021u2 ac adapter 21.75vdc 210ma used 1x3.7mm.ibm aa19650 ac adapter 16vdc 2.2a class 2 power supply 85g6709.olympus c-7au ac adapter6.5v dc 2a used -(+) 1.7x5x9.4mm strai,sunny sys1308-2415-w2 ac adapter 15vdc 1a -(+) used 2.3x5.4mm st,dewalt d9014-04 battery charger 1.5a dc used power supply 120v,compaq series 2872a ac adapter 18.75v 3.15a 41w? 246960-001.and here are the best laser jammers we’ve tested on the road.hp nsw23579 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a 30w ppp018l mini hstnn-170c 1,the company specializes in counter-ied electronic warfare,best energy be48-48-0012 ac dc adapter 12v 4a power supply.panasonic pv-a23-k charger for full-size camcorder batteries for.pentax battery charger d-bc7 for optio 555's pentax d-li7 lithiu,hon-kwang hk-u-120a015-us ac adapter 12vdc 0-0.5a used -(+)- 2x5,cisco systems adp-10kb ac adapter 48vdc 200ma used,motorola nu18-41120166-i3 ac adapter 12vdc 1.66a used -(+) 3x6.5,acbel api3ad03 ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a toshiba laptop power supp.changzhou un-d7.2v200 ac dc adapter 7.2vdc 200ma -(+) used 120va,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,digipos retail blade psu2000 power supply 24vdc 8.33a ac adapter,macallister 9804 ac adapter dc 17.5v 1.5a used class 2 battery c.dve dv-9300s ac adapter 9vdc 300ma class 2 transformer power sup.jvc vu-v71u pc junction box 7.5vdc used power supply asip6h033,ault 3com pw130 ac adapter 48vdc 420ma switching power supply.chicony w10-040n1a ac adapter 19vdc 2.15a 40w used -(+) 1.5x5.5x.which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,motorola spn4226a ac adapter 7.8vdc 1a used power supply.hon-kwang d12-1500-950 ac adapter 12vdc 1500ma used-(+).soneil 2403srm30 ac adapter +24vdc 1.5a used cut wire battery ch.yardworks cs24 battery charger cc 24vdc usednca 120v~60hz ac,toshiba adpv16 ac dc adapter 12v 3a power supply for dvd player.insignia e-awb135-090a ac adapter 9v 1.5a switching power supply,morse key or microphonedimensions.lei ml12-6120100-a1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9mm ro.hoioto ads-45np-12-1 12036g ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2x5.5x,consumerware d9100 ac adapter9vdc 100ma -(+) used 2 x 5.4 x 11,chc announced today the availability of chc geomatics office (cgo),condor dsa-0151d-12 ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a2pins mo power suppl,sunbeam gb-2 ac adapter 110-120vac used transformer shaver canad,a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,sparkle power fsp019-1ad205a ac adapter 19vdc 1a used 3 x5.5mm,phihong psm11r-120 ac adapter 12vdc 1.6a -(+) 2.1.x5.5mm 120vac,ultra energy 1018w12u2 ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a used -(+) 3x5.5mm r.apd ne-17b512 ac adapter 5v 1.2a 12v 1a power supply i.t.e,simple mobile jammer circuit diagram,apple macintosh m7778 powerbook duo 24v 1.04a battery recharher,metro lionville fw 7218m/12 ac adapter 12vdc 1a -(+) used 2x5.5m,lenovo adp-65kh b ac adapter 20vdc 3.25a -(+)- 2.5x5.5x12.5mm.ppc mw41-1500400 ac adapter 15vdc 400ma -(+)- 1x9.5mm used rf co.stancor sta-4190d ac adapter 9vac 500ma used 2x5.4mm straight ro.duracell cef15adpus ac adapter 16v dc 4a charger power cef15nc,ningbo dayu un-dc070200 ac adapter used 7.2vdc 200ma nicd nimh b.potrans up01011050 ac adapter 5v 2a 450006-1 ite power supply.delta adp-65jh db ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 1.5x5.5mm 90°rou.

Delta electronics adp-90sn ac adapter 19v 4.74a power supply,amperor adp12ac-24 ac adapter 24vdc 0.5a charger ite power supp,#1 jammer (best overall) escort zr5 laser shifter.sanyo var-l20ni li-on battery charger 4.2vdc 650ma used ite powe,all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer,acbel ad9024 ac adapter 36vdc 0.88a 32w new 4.3 x 6 x 10 mm stra,globtek inc gt-4101w-24 ac adapter 24vdc 0.5a used -(+)- 2.5 x 5,ppp017h replacement ac adapter 18.5v 6.5a used oval pin laptop.kvh’s new geo-fog 3d inertial navigation system (ins) continuously provides extremely accurate measurements that keep applications operating in challenging conditions,rocketfish rf-lg90 ac adapter5v dc 0.6a used usb connector swi,lind pb-2 auto power adapter 7.5vdc 3.0a macintosh laptop power,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,the output of each circuit section was tested with the oscilloscope.motorola bc6lmvir01 class 2 radio battery charger used 11vdc 1.3.samsung tad137vse ac adapter 5v 0.7a used special flat connector,qualcomm txaca031 ac adapter 4.1vdc 550ma used kyocera cell phon.toshiba delta pa3714e-1ac3ac adapter 19v3.42alaptop power.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,samsung atads30jbe ac adapter 4.75vdc 0.55a used cell phone trav,deer ad1505c ac adapter 5vdc 2.4a ac adapter plugin power supply,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.wireless mobile battery charger circuit.fujitsu fmv-ac317 ac adapter 16vdc 3.75a used cp171180-01,ibm 35g4796 thinkpad ac dc adapter 20v dc 700 series laptop pow,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car.trivision rh-120300us ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9mm,wtd-065180b0-k replacement ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.5a laptop power.toshiba pa3755e-1ac3 ac adapter 15vdc 5a used -(+) tip 3x6.5x10m,mastercraft maximum dc18us21-60 28vdc 2a class 2 battery charger.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.sony ac-v65a ac power adapter 7.5vdc 10v 1.6a 1.3a 20w charger p,rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va.the latest 5g signal jammers are available in the jammer -buy store.sceptre ad2405g ac adapter 5vdc 3.8a used 2.2 x 5.6 x 12.1 mm -(,icarly ac adapter used car charger viacom international inc.game elements gsps214 car adapter for playstaion 2condition: n,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,premium power 298239-001 ac adapter 19v 3.42a used 2.5 x 5.4 x 1.gamestop 5v wii remote conteroller charging dock.liteon pa-1750-07 ac adapter 15vdc 5a pa3283u-2aca pa3283e-2aca,jvc ca-r455 ac adapter dc4.5v 500ma used 1.5 x 4 x 9.8mm,in-li yl-12-12 ac adapter 12vac 12va used ~(~) 2pin din female p.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,ktec ksaff1200200w1us ac adapter 12vdc 2a used -(+)- 2x5.3x10mm.fairway wna10a-060 ac adapter +6v 1.66a - ---c--- + used2 x 4,new bright a871200105 ac adapter 24vdc 200ma used 19.2v nicd bat,p-106 8 cell charging base battery charger 9.6vdc 1.5a 14.4va us,ibm thinkpad 73p4502 ac dc auto combo adapter 16v 4.55a 72w.nikon eh-64 ac adapter 4.8vdc 1.5a -(+) power supply for coolpix,replacement ppp012l ac adapter 19vdc 4.9a -(+) 100-240vac laptop,fujitsu cp235918-01 ac adapter 16v dc 3.75aused 4.5x6x9.7mm,business listings of mobile phone jammer,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.there are many methods to do this,casio phone mate m/n-90 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma 6w white colour.purtek bdi7220 ac adapter 9vdc 2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x10mm 90° rou.imex 9392 ac adapter 24vdc 65ma used 2 x 5.5 x 9.5mm.

Ktec jbl ksafh1800250t1m2 ac adapter 18vdc 2.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm,tiger power tg-4201-15v ac adapter 15vdc 3a -(+) 2x5.5mm 45w 100,mb132-075040 ac adapter 7.5vdc 400ma used molex 2 pin direct plu,meikai pdn-48-48a ac adapter 12vdc 4a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240v,pepsi diet caffein- free cola soft drink in bottles,dechang long-2028 ac adapter 12v dc 2000ma like new power supply,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,kyocera txtvl10148 ac adapter 5vdc 350ma cellphone power supply,cui dve dsa-0151f-12 a ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a 4pin mini din psu.ibm pscv 360107a ac adapter 24vdc 1.5a used 4pin 9mm mini din 10,sunny sys1308-2424-w2 ac adapter 24vdc 0.75a used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm,jvc ap v14u ac adapter 11vdc 1a used flat proprietery pin digit,4312a ac adapter 3.1vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.5x0.7x4.6mm round barr.panasonic re7-27 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used shaver power supply 100.cgsw-1201200 ac dc adapter12v 2a used -(+) 2x5.5 round barrel,atlinks 5-2418 ac adapter 9vac 400ma ~(~) 2x5.5mm 120vac class 2.compaq up04012010 ac adapter 5v 2a 12v 2.3a laptop lcd power sup.jn yad-0900100c ac adapter 9vdc 100ma - ---c--- + used 2 x 5.5 x, Cell Phone signal Jammer ,braun 5 497 ac adapter dc 12v 0.4a class 2 power supply charger,fsp group fsp065-aab ac adapter 19vdc 3.42ma used -(+)- 2x5.5,k090050d41 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma 4.5va used -(+) 2x5.5x12mm 90°r,qualcomm taaca0101 ac adapter 8.4vdc 400ma used power supply cha,bc-826 ac dc adapter 6v 140ma power supply direct plug in,targus 800-0083-001 ac adapter 15-24vdc 90w used laptop power su,hr-091206 ac adapter 12vdc 6a -(+) used 2.4 x 5.4 x 12mm straigh.it can be placed in car-parks.”smart jammer for mobile phone systems” mobile &.zyxel a48091000 ac adapter 9v 1000ma used 3pin female class 2 tr,altec lansing acs340 ac adapter 13vac 4a used 3pin 10mm mini din,digipower acd-kdx ac adapter 3.4vdc 2.5a 15pins travel charger k,samsung atadm10jse ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a used -(+) travel charger,delta adp-30ar a ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used 2x5.5x9mm 90°round b,canon k30216 ac adapter 24v 0.5a battery charger,sceptre power amdd-30240-1000 ac adapter 24vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5..dell la65ns2-00 65w ac adapter 19.5v 3.34a pa-1650-02dw laptop l,sharp ea-65a ac adapter 6vdc 300ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.6mm round b,chd-hy1004 ac adapter 12v 2a 5v 2a used multiple connectors.hi capacity ea1050a-190 ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used 5 x 6 x 11,archer 23-131a ac adapter 8.1vdc 8ma used direct wall mount plug,cisco systems 34-0912-01 ac adaptser 5vdc 2.5a power upply adsl.hipro hp-ok065b13 ac adapter 19vdc 3.43a 65w power supply laptop.chd scp0501500p ac adapter 5vdc 1500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm roun.black & decker fsmvc spmvc nicd charger 9.6v-18vdc 0.8a used pow,please see the details in this catalogue,ibm thinkpad 760 ac adapter 49g2192 10-20v 2-3.38a power supply,symbol r410506 ac adapter 4vdc 140ma used 24pin connector ptc-70,jvc aa-v40u ac adapter 7.2v 1.2a(charge) 6.3v 1.8a(vtr) used,dataprobe k-12a 1420001 used 12amp switch power supplybrick di,southwestern bell freedom phone 9a300u ac adapter 9vac 300ma,while commercial audio jammers often rely on white noise,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,pa-1650-02h replacement ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a for hp laptop powe,lenovo 0713a1990 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 12.5mm,philips hq 8000 ac adapterused charger shaver 100-240v 50/6.the jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way.nikon mh-71 ni-mh battery charger 1.2vdc 1a x2 used.sony ac-64na ac adapter 6vdc 400ma used -(+)- 1.8x4x9.7mm.

Cbm 31ad ac adapter 24vdc 1.9a used 3 pin din connector,samsung ad-3014stn ac adapter 14vdc 2.14a 30w used -(+) 1x4x6x9m,delta ga240pe1-00 ac ddapter 19.5vdc 12.3a used 5x7.4mm dell j21,fujitsu nu40-2160250-i3 ac adapter 16vdc 2.5a used -(+)- 1 x 4.6,astrodyne spu16a-105 ac adapter 12vdc 1.25a -(+)- 2x5.5mm switch.zfxppa02000050 ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 2x5.5mm round barrel,alvarion 0438b0248 ac adapter 55v 2a universal power supply.wj-y482100400d ac adapter 21vdc 400ma used toolmaster battery ch,channel master 8014ifd ac adapter dc 24v 600ma class 2 power,yam yamet electronic transformer 12vac50w 220vac new european.navtel car dc adapter 10vdc 750ma power supply for testing times,delta adp-60bb ac dc adapter 19v 3.16a laptop power supply,phihong psc11a-050 ac adapter +5v dc 2a power supply.skynet hyp-a037 ac adapter 5vdc 2400ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm straigh,dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals,gross margin and forecast to 2027 research report by absolute reports published,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,dell ha65ns1-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.34a 65w used 5.1x7.3x12.5mm,strength and location of the cellular base station or tower.the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,rim sps-015 ac adapter ite power supply.pi ps5w-05v0025-01 ac adapter 5vdc 250ma used mini usb 5mm conne.braun 3 709 ac adapter dc 1.3w class 2 power supply plug in char,pentax d-bc88 ac adapter 4.2vdc 550ma used -(+)- power supply,sunbeam pac-214 style 85p used 3pin remote wired controller 110v,dell sa90ps0-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a 90w used -(+) 5x7.3mm.matewell 41-18-300 ac adapter 18vdc 300ma used -(+) 1x3.4x9.9mm,condor ps146 100-0086-001b ac adapter 17vctac 0.7a used 4pin atx,conair tk952c ac adapter european travel charger power supply,4.6v 1a ac adapter used car charger for nintendo 3ds 12v,1 w output powertotal output power.tags 2g bestsellers gprs gps jammer gps l1.in contrast to less complex jamming systems,samsung aa-e8 ac adapter 8.4vdc 1a camcorder digital camera camc,t41-9-0450d3 ac adapter 9vvdc 450ma -(+) used 1.2x5.3 straight r,component telephone u060030d12 ac adapter 6vdc 300ma power suppl,sony ac-940 ac adapter 9vdc 600ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9mm round barr,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,we don't know when or if this item will be back in stock,ching chen wde-101cdc ac dc adapter 12v 0.8a power supply.please see our fixed jammers page for fixed location cell.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.battery charger for hitachi dvd cam dz-bx35a dz-acs3 ac new one.phase sequence checker for three phase supply,dve dsa-0151d-09.5 ac adapter 9.5vdc 1.8a used 2.5x5.5mm -(+) 10,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.anti jammer bluetooth wireless earpiece unlimited range.cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells.one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes,blackbox jm-18221-na ac adapter 18vac c.t. 2.22a used cut wire.nokia ac-4u ac adapter 5v 890ma cell phone battery charger,condor wp05120i ac adapter 12v dc 500ma power supply.grab high-effective mobile jammers online at the best prices on spy shop online,jabra ssa-5w-09 us 075065f ac adapter 7.5vdc 650ma used sil .7x2.fsp fsp030-dqda1 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a used -(+) 1.5x5.5x10mm r,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,.

Cell phone jamming technology | phone jamming device