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An alternative tool for detecting underground nuclear explosions? By Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska, Jihye Park, Joseph Helmboldt,  Ralph R. B. von Frese, Thomas Wilson, and Jade Morton Well-concealed underground nuclear explosions may go undetected by International Monitoring System sensors. An independent technique of detection and verification may be offered by GPS-based analysis of local traveling ionospheric disturbances excited by an explosion. Most of the work to date has been at the research demonstration stage; however, operational capability is possible, based on the worldwide GPS network of permanently tracking receivers. This article discusses a case study of detecting underground nuclear explosions using observations from GPS tracking stations and the Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico. More than 2,000 nuclear tests were carried out between 1945 and 1996, when the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. Signatory countries and the number of tests conducted by each country are the United States (1000+), the Soviet Union (700+), France (200+), the United Kingdom, and China (45 each). Three countries have broken the de facto moratorium and tested nuclear weapons since 1996: India and Pakistan in 1998 (two tests each), and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in 2006 and 2009, and most recently, in 2013. To date, 183 countries have signed the treaty. Of those, 159 countries have also ratified the treaty, including three nuclear weapon states: France, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom. However, before the treaty can enter into force, 44 specific nuclear-technology-holder countries must sign and ratify. Of these, India, North Korea and Pakistan have yet to sign the CTBT, and China, Egypt, Iran, Israel, and the United States have not ratified it. The treaty has a unique and comprehensive verification regime to make sure that no nuclear explosion goes undetected. The primary components of the regime are: The International Monitoring System: The IMS includes 337 facilities (85 percent completed to date) worldwide to monitor for signs of any nuclear explosions. International Data Center: The IDC processes and analyzes data registered at IMS stations and produces data bulletins. Global Communications Infrastructure: This transmits IMS data to the IDC, and transmits data bulletins and raw IMS data from IDC to member states. Consultation and Clarification: If a member state feels that data collected imply a nuclear explosion, this process can be undertaken to resolve and clarify the matter. On-Site Inspection: OSI is regarded as the final verification measure under the treaty. Confidence-Building Measures: These are voluntary actions. For example, a member state will notifying CTBTO when there will be large detonations, such as a chemical explosion or a mining blast. The IMS (see Figure 1) uses the following state-of-the-art technologies. Numbers given reflect the target configuration: Seismic: Fifty primary and 120 auxiliary seismic stations monitor shockwaves in the Earth. The vast majority of these shockwaves — many thousands every year — are caused by earthquakes. But man-made explosions such as mine explosions or the North Korean nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, and 2013 are also detected. Hydroacoustic: As sound waves from explosions can travel extremely far underwater, 11 hydroacoustic stations “listen” for sound waves in the Earth oceans. Infrasound: Sixty stations on the surface of the Earth can detect ultra-low-frequency sound waves that are inaudible to the human ear, which are released by large explosions. Radionuclide: Eighty stations measure the atmosphere for radioactive particles; 40 of them can also detect the presence of noble gas. Figure 1. The International Monitoring System (IMS): worldwide facilities grouped by detection technologies used. Only the radionuclide measurements can give an unquestionable indication as to whether an explosion detected by the other methods was actually nuclear or not. The observing stations are supported by 16 radionuclide laboratories. Since radionuclide detection method provides the ultimate verification as far as the type of blast goes, it should be mentioned that while the 2006 North Korean event (yield of less than a kiloton) was detected by the IMS stations in more than 20 different sites within two hours of detonation, and both seismic signal and radioactive material were detected, the 2009 event (yield of a few kilotons) was detected by 61 IMS stations; seismic and infrasound signals were detected, but no radioactive material was picked up by the radionuclide stations. Seismic signal was consistent with a nuclear test, but there was no “ultimate” proof by the radionuclide method. Thus, well-concealed underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) may be undetected by some of the IMS sensors (such as the  radionuclide network). This raises a question: Is there any other technology that is readily available that can detect and discriminate various types of blasts, particularly those of nuclear type? Recent experiments have shown that an independent technique of detection and verification may be offered by GPS-based analysis of local traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) excited by an explosion. GNSS-Based Detection Atmospheric effects from mostly atmospheric nuclear explosions have been studied since the 1960s.The ionospheric delay in GNSS signals observed by the ground stations can be processed into total electron content (TEC), which is the total number of electrons along the GNSS signal’s path between the satellite and the receiver on the ground. The TEC derived from the slant signal path, referred to as the slant TEC (STEC), can be observed and analyzed to identify disturbances associated with the underground nuclear explosion. STEC signature (in spectral and/or spatial-temporal domains) can be analyzed to detect local traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID). TID can be excited by acoustic gravity waves from a point source, such as surface or underground explosions, geomagnetic storms, tsunamis, and tropical storms. TIDs can be classified as Large-Scale TID (LSTID) and Medium-Scale TID (MSTID) based on their periods regardless of the generation mechanism. The periods of LSTIDs generally range between 30–60 minutes to several hours, and those of MSTIDs range from 10 to 40 or even 60 minutes. LSTIDs mostly occur from geophysical events, such as geomagnetic storms, which can be indicated by global Kp indices, while MSTIDs are genrally not related to any high score Kp indices. An underground nuclear explosion can result in an MSTID. TIDs are generated either by internal gravity wave (IGW) or by acoustic gravity wave (AGW). The collisional interaction between the neutral and charged components cause ionospheric responses. The experimental results indicate IGWs can change the ozone concentration in the atmosphere. In the ionosphere, the motion of the neutral gas in the AGW sets the ionospheric plasma into motion. The AGW changes the iso-ionic contours, resulting in a traveling ionospheric disturbance. The past 10–15 years has resulted in a significant body of research, and eventually a practical application, with worldwide coverage, of GPS-based ionosphere monitoring. A significant number of International GNSS Service (IGS) permanent GNSS tracking stations (see Figure 2) form a powerful scientific tool capable of near real-time monitoring and detection of various ionospheric anomalies, such as those originating from the underground nuclear explosions (UNEs). Figure 2. The IGS global tracking network of 439 stations. The network is capable of continuously monitoring global ionospheric behavior based on ionospheric delays in the GNSS signals. The GNSS signals are readily accessible anywhere on Earth at a temporal resolution ranging from about 30 seconds up to less than 1 second. A powerful means to isolate and relate disturbances observed in TEC measurements from different receiver-satellite paths is to analyze the spectral coherence of the disturbances. However, in our algorithms, we emphasize the spatial and temporal relationship among the TEC observations. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in TEC are indicative of the dynamics of the ionosphere, and thus help in mapping TIDs excited by acoustic-gravity waves from point sources, as well as by geomagnetic storms, tropical storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic explosions, and other effects. Methodology of UNE Detection Figure 3 illustrates the concept of the generation of the acoustic gravity wave by a UNE event, and its propagation through the ionosphere that results in a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). The primary points of our approach are: (1) STEC is calculated from dual-frequency GPS carrier phase data, (2) after eliminating the main trend in STEC by taking the numerical third order horizontal 3-point derivatives, the TIDs are isolated, (3) we assume an array signature of the TID waves, (4) we assume constant radial propagation velocity, vT, using an apparent velocity, vi, of the TID at the ith observing GNSS station, (5) since the TID’s velocity is strongly affected by the ionospheric wind velocity components, vN and vE, in the north and east directions, respectively, the unknown parameters,vT, vN, and vE, can be estimated relative to the point source epicenter, and (6) if more than six GNSS stations in good geometry observe the TID in GNSS signals, the coordinates of the epicenter can also be estimated. Figure 3a. Pictorial representation of the scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal (3-point STEC derivative); not to scale. Figure 3b. The scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal and a point source (e.g., UNE) that generates acoustic gravity waves; not to scale. Figure 3c. The scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal, and the propagation of the acoustic gravity waves generated by a point source (e.g., UNE); not to scale. Figure 3d. The scenario describing a GNSS station tracking a satellite and the ionospheric signal, at the epoch when the GNSS signal is affected by the propagation of the acoustic gravity waves generated by a point source (e.g., UNE); not to scale. Figure 3e. Same as 3D, indicating that the geometry between GNSS station, the satellite and the IPP can be recovered and used for locating the point source; multiple GNSS stations are needed to find the point source location and the the velocity components of TID and ionospheric winds; not to scale. Figure 3f. Same as 3D, after the TID wave passed the line of sight between the GNSS stations and the satellite; not to scale. Figure 4 illustrates the geometry of detection of the point source epicenter. Determination of the epicenter of the point source that induced TIDs can be achieved by trilateration, similarly to GPS positioning concept. The TIDs, generated at the point source, propagate at certain speed, and are detected by multiple GPS stations. The initial assumption in our work was to use a constant propagation velocity of a TID. By observing the time of TID arrival at the ionospheric pierce point (IPP), the travel distance from the epicenter to the IPP of the GPS station that detected a TID (which is the slant distance from the ith station and the kth satellite) can be derived using a relationship with the propagation velocity. In this study, we defined a thin shell in the ionosphere F layer, 300 kilometers above the surface, and computed the IPP location for each GPS signal at the corresponding time epoch of TID detection. Figure 4. Geometry of point source detection based on TID signals detected at the IPP of GPS station, i, with GPS satellite k. Unknown: coordinates of the point source, ( ф, λ ); three components of TID velocity vT, vN, and vE ; Observations: coordinates of IPP, (xik, yik, zik) and the corresponding time epoch to TID arrival at IPP, tik; Related terms: slant distance between IPP and UNE, sik; horizontal distance between the point source epicenter and the GPS station coordinates, di; azimuth and the elevation angle of IPP as seen from the UNE, αjk and εjk , respectively. Very Large Array (VLA) In addition to GNSS-based method of ionosphere monitoring, there are other more conventional techniques, for example, ground-based ionosondes, high-frequency radars, Doppler radar systems, dual-frequency altimeter, and radio telescopes. In our research, we studied the ionospheric detection of UNEs using GPS and the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope. The VLA is a world-class UHF/VHF interferometer 50 miles west of Socorro, New Mexico. It consists of 27 dishes in a Y-shaped configuration, each one 25 meters in diameter, cycled through four configurations (A, B, C, D) spanning 36, 11, 3.4, and 1 kilometers, respectively. The instrument measures correlations between signals from pairs of antennas, used to reconstruct images of the sky equivalent to using a much larger single telescope. While conducting these observations, the VLA provides 27 parallel lines of sight through the ionosphere toward cosmic sources. Past studies have shown that interferometric radio telescopes like the VLA can be powerful tools for characterizing ionospheric fluctuations over a wide range of amplitudes and scales. We used these new VLA-based techniques and a GPS-based approach to investigate the signature of a TID originated by a UNE jointly observed by both GPS and the VLA. For this case study, we selected one of the 1992 U.S. UNEs for which simultaneous GPS and VLA data were available. Table 1. Characteristics of the analyzed events (UNEs). Experimental Results We summarize here the test studies performed by the OSU group in collaboration with Miami University and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory on detection and discrimination of TIDs resulting from UNEs using the GNSS-based and VLA-based techniques. Table 1 lists the UNE events that have been analyzed to date. As of March 2013, the results of the 2013 North Korean UNE were not fully completed, so they are not included here. In the 2006 and 2009 North Korean UNE experiments, STEC data from six and 11 nearby GNSS stations, respectively, were used. Within about 23 minutes to a few hours since the explosion, the GNSS stations detected the TIDs, whose arrival time for each station formulated the linear model with respect to the distance to the station. TIDs were observed to propagate with speeds of roughly 150–400 m/s at stations about 365 km to 1330 km from the explosion site. Considering the ionospheric wind effect, the wind-adjusted TIDs located the UNE to within about 2.7 km of its seismically determined epicenter (for the 2009 event; no epicenter location was performed for the 2006 event due to insufficient data). The coordinates estimated by our algorithm are comparable to the seismically determined epicenter, with the accuracy close to the seismic method itself. It is important to note that the accuracy of the proposed method is likely to improve if the stations in better geometry are used and more signals affected by a TID can be observed. An example geometry of UNE detection is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. Locations of the underground nuclear explosion (UNE) in 2009 and GNSS stations C1 (CHAN), C2 (CHLW), D1 (DAEJ), D2 (DOND), I1 (INJE), S1 (SUWN), S2 (SHAO), S3 (SOUL), U1 (USUD), Y1 (YANP), Y2 (YSSK) on the coastline map around Korea, China, and Japan. The TID waves are highlighted for stations C1, D1, D2, I1. The bold dashed line indicates the ground track for satellite PRN 26 with dots that indicating the arrival times of the TIDs at their IPPs. All time labels in the figure are in UTC. For the Hunters Trophy and the Divider UNE tests, the array signature of TIDs at the vicinity of GPS stations was observed for each event. By applying the first-order polynomial model to compute the approximate velocity of TID propagation for each UNE, the data points — that is the TID observations — were fit to the model within the 95 percent confidence interval, resulting in the propagation velocities of 570 m/s and 740 m/s for the Hunters Trophy and the Divider, respectively. The VLA has observing bands between 1 and 50 GHz, and prior to 2008 had a separate VHF system with two bands centered at 74 and 330  MHz. A new wider-band VHF system is currently being commissioned. The VHF bands and L-band (1.4 GHz) are significantly affected by the ionosphere in a similar way as the GPS signal. In this study, we used VLA observations at L-band of ionospheric fluctuations as an independent verification of the earlier developed method based on the GNSS TID detection for UNE location and discrimination from TIDs generated by other types of point sources. The VLA, operated as an interfer-ometer, measures the correlation of complex voltages from each unique pair of antennas (baselines), to produce what are referred to as visibilities. Each antenna is pointed at the same cosmic source; however, due to spatial separation, each antenna’s line of sight passes through a different part of the ionosphere. Consequently, the measured visibilities include an extra phase term due to the difference in ionospheric delays, which translates to distortions in the image made with the visibilities. This extra phase term is proportional to the difference in STEC along the lines of sight of the two telescopes that form a baseline. Thus, the interferometer is sensitive to the STEC gradient rather than STEC itself, which renders it capable of sensing both temporal and spatial fluctuations in STEC. The spectral analysis was performed on the STEC gradients recovered from each baseline that observed the Hunters Trophy event. Briefly, a time series of the two-dimensional STEC gradient is computed at each antenna. Then, a three-dimensional Fourier transform is performed, one temporal and two spatial, over the array and within a given time period (here ~15 minutes). The resulting power spectrum then yields information about the size, direction, and speed of any detected wavelike disturbances within the STEC gradient data. Roughly 20 to 25 minutes after the UNE, total fluctuation power increased dramatically (by a factor of about 5×103).  At this time, the signature of waves moving nearly perpendicular to the direction from Hunters Trophy (toward the northeast and southwest) was observed using the three-dimensional spectral analysis technique. These fluctuations had wavelengths of about 2 km and inferred speeds of 2-8 m s-1. This implies that they are likely due to small-scale distortions moving along the wavefront, not visible with GPS. Assuming that these waves are associated with the arrival of disturbances associated with the Hunters Trophy event, a propagation speed of 570–710 m/s was calculated, which is consistent with the GPS results detailed above. In addition, a TID, possibly induced by the February 12, 2013, North Korean UNE, was also detected using the nearby IGS stations, by the detection algorithm referred to earlier. Eleven TID waves were found from ten IGS stations, which were located in South Korea, Japan, and Russia. Due to the weakness of the geometry, the epicenter and the ionospheric wind velocity were not determined at this point. The apparent velocity of TID was roughly about 330–800 m/s, and was calculated using the arrival time of the TID after the UNE epoch and the slant distance between the corresponding IPP and the epicenter. The reported explosion yield was bigger, compared to the 2009 North Korean UNE, which possibly affected the propagation velocity by releasing a stronger energy. However, more in-depth investigation of this event and the corresponding GPS data is required. Conclusions Research shows that UNEs disturb the ionosphere, which results in TIDs that can be detected by GNSS permanent tracking stations as well as the VLA. We have summarized several GNSS-based TID detections induced by various UNEs, and verified the GNSS-based technique independently by a VLA-based method using the 1992 U.S. UNE, Hunters Trophy. It should be noted that VLA observation was not available during the time of the Divider UNE test; hence, only the Hunters Trophy was jointly detected by GPS and the VLA. Our  studies performed to date suggest that the global availability of GNSS tracking networks may offer a future UNE detection method, which could complement the International Monitoring System (IMS). We have also shown that radio-frequency arrays like the VLA may also be a useful asset for not only detecting UNEs, but for obtaining a better understanding of the structure of the ionospheric waves generated by these explosions. The next generation of HV/VHF telescopes being developed (such as the Lower Frequency Array in the Netherlands, the Long Wavelength Array in New Mexico, the Murchison Widefield Array in Australia) utilize arrays of dipole antennas, which are much cheaper to build and operate and are potentially portable. It is conceivable that a series of relatively economical and relocatable arrays consisting of these types of dipoles could provide another valuable supplement to the current IMS in the future, particularly for low-yield UNEs that may not be detectable with GPS. Acknowledgment This article is based on a paper presented at the Institute of Navigation Pacific PNT Conference held April 22–25, 2013, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska is a professor and chair, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, and director of the Satellite Positioning and Inertial Navigation (SPIN) Laboratory at The Ohio State University. Jihye Park recently completed her Ph.D. in Geodetic Science program at The Ohio State University. She obtained her B.A. and M.S degrees in Geoinformatics from The University of Seoul, South Korea. Joseph Helmboldt is a radio astronomer within the Remote Sensing Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Ralph R.B. von Frese is a professor in the Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences of the School of Earth Sciences at Ohio State University. Thomas Wilson is a radio astronomer within the Remote Sensing Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Yu (Jade) Morton is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Miami University.

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Ktec wem-5800 ac adapter 6vdc 400ma used -(+) 1x3.5x9mm round ba,has released the bx40c rtk board to support its series of gnss boards and provide highly accurate and fast positioning services,yuan wj-y351200100d ac adapter 12vdc 100ma -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac s,compaq 2844 series auto adapter 18.5vdc 2.2a 30w used 2.5x6.5x15,milwaukee 48-59-1808 rapid 18v battery charger used genuine m12.anthin gfp101u-1210 ac adapter 12vdc 1a pl-6342 power supply,a retired police officer and certified traffic radar instructor,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.rocket fish rf-bslac ac adapter 15-20vdc 5a used 5.5x8mm round b.ault a0377511 ac adapter 24v 16va direct plugin class2 trans pow.hp pa-1650-02hp ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a 65w used 1.5x4.8mm.rd1200500-c55-8mg ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm rou,350901002coa ac adapter 9vdc 100ma used -(+)-straight round ba,lg lcap07f ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 4.4x6.5mm straight roun,compaq series pp2032 ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.5a 45w used 4pin femal.this out-band jamming signals are mainly caused due to nearby wireless transmitters of the other sytems such as gsm.belkin f5d4076-s v1 powerline network adapter 1 port used 100-12,gateway lishin 0220a1890 ac adapter 18.5v 4.9a laptop power supp,eng epa-301dan-12 12vdc 2.5a switch-mode power supply.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.jvc vu-v71u pc junction box 7.5vdc used power supply asip6h033.jentec jta0402d-a ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a wallmount direct plug in.a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values.1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800.sanyo nc-455 ac adapter 1.2vdc 100ma used cadinca battery charge,eng 3a-041w05a ac adapter 5vdc 1a used -(+)- 1.5 x 3.4 x 10 mm s,delta eadp-10bb ac adapter 5vdc 2000ma used -(+)- 2 x 4 x 10 mm,wahl db06-3.2-100 ac adapter 3.2vdc 100ma class 2 transformer.braun 5 496 ac adapter dc 12v 0.4a class 2 power supply charger,u075015a12v ac adapter 7.5vac 150ma used ~(~) 2x5.5x10mm 90 degr. https://nibbler.silktide.com/en_US/progress/www.btcc.com ,braun 4728 base power charger used for personal plaque remover d,hitek plus220 ac adapter 20vdc 2.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.6 100-240vac use.here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm,sharp uadp-0220cezz ac adapter 13vdc 4.2a 10pin square lcd tv po,radioshack 15-1838 ac adapter dc 12v 100ma wallmount direct plug.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,jvc ga-22au ac camera adapter 14v dc 1.1a power supply moudule f.dataprobe k-12a 1420001 used 12amp switch power supplybrick di.targus pa350 (ver 2.0) f1201 ac adapter 3-24vdc used universal a,edac ea1060b ac adapter 18-24v dc 3.2a used 5.2 x 7.5 x 7.9mm st,cc-hit333 ac adapter 120v 60hz 20w class 2 battery charger,when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level.you’ll need a lm1458 op amp and a lm386 low,dell adp-50sb ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a 2pin laptop power supply,ault symbol sw107ka0552f01 ac adapter 5vdc 2a power supply,sunforce 11-1894-0 solar battery charger 12v 1 watt motorcycle,sjs sjs-060180 ac adapter 6vdc 180ma used direct wall mount plug,palm plm05a-050 ac adapter 5vdc 1a power supply for palm pda do.moso xkd-c2000ic5.0-12w ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 0.7x2.5x9mm.radioshack a20920n ac adapter 9v dc 200ma used -(+)- 2x5.5x10.3m.alnor 350402003n0a ac adapter 4.5vdc 200ma used +(-) 2 x 4.8 x 1,targus apa30ca 19.5vdc 90w max used 2pin female ite power supply.hoover series 300 ac adapter 5.9vac 120ma used 2x5.5mm round bar,this 4-wire pocket jammer is the latest miniature hidden 4-antenna mobile phone jammer.ault pw118 ac adapter 5v 3a i.t.e power supply.it employs a closed-loop control technique.ppp014s replacement ac adapter 19vdc 4.7a used 2.5x5.4mm -(+)- 1,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.sony vgp-ac19v39 ac adapter 19.5v 2a used 4.5 x 6 x 9.5 mm 90 de,three circuits were shown here.ah-v420u ac adapter 12vdc 3a power supply used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm,fuji fujifilm cp-fxa10 picture cradle for finepix a310 a210 a205,ibm 73p4502 ac adapter 16vdc 0 - 4.55a 72w laptop power supply.dell fa65ns0-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.34 used 5.2 x 7.3 x 13 mm s,finecom azs5439 pw125 ac adapter 9v dc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm replace,delta adp-50sb ac adapter 19v 2.64a notebook powersupply.find here mobile phone jammer,sparkle power spa050a48a ac adapter 48vdc 1.04a used -(+)- 2.5 x,ault t57-182200-j010g ac adapter 18v ac 2200ma used.

Sony pcga-ac16v ac adapter 19.5vdc 4a used -(+) 4x6mm tip 100-24.black and decker etpca-180021u2 ac adapter 26vdc 210ma class 2,finecom bc12v5a-cp ac charger 12vdc 5a replacement power supply.sony ac-64n ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 1.5x4x9.4mm round ba,41t-d09-500 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma 2x5.5mm -(+) 90° 9w power supp.this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,foreen industries ltd. 28-d09-100 ac adapter 9v dc 100ma used 2,top global wrg20f-05ba ac adapter 5vdc 4a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm used,globtek gt-41076-0609 ac adapter 9vdc 0.66a used -(+)- cable plu.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,even temperature and humidity play a role.disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.compaq series 2862a ac adapter 16.5vdc 2.6a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240.ac adapter 12vdc output 3pin power supply used working for lapto,5g modules are helping accelerate the iot’s development.x10 wireless xm13a ac adapter 12vdc 80ma used remote controlled.qualcomm txtvl031 ac adapter 4.1vdc 1000ma used global travel ch,code-a-phonedv-9500-1 ac adapter 10v 500ma power supply.condor aa-1283 ac adapter 12vdc 830ma used -(+)- 2x5.5x8.5mm rou,retrak whafr24084001 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 4.2x6mm power s.s15af125120 ac adapter 12.5vdc 1200ma used -(+) 2x5.5x11mm rou,samsung atadm10ube ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a cellphone travel charger,yardworks 18v charger class 2 power supply for cordless trimmer.ibm 02k6549 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° degre,la-300 ac adapter 6vdc 300ma used usb charger powe supply.canon cb-2ls battery charger 4.2v dc 0.5a used digital camera s1.usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,sony acp-80uc ac pack 8.5vdc 1a vtr 1.6a batt 3x contact used po.cobra ca 25 ac adapter dc 16v 100ma power supply charger,us robotics dv-9750-5 ac adapter 9.2vac 700ma used 2.5x 5.5mm ro,hp compaq adp-65hb b ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a -(+) 1.7x4.8mm used,you can clearly observe the data by displaying the screen,shindengen za12002gn ac adapter 12v 2a ite power supply,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,bluetooth and wifi signals (silver) 1 out of 5 stars 3,vt070a ac adatper 5vdc 100ma straight round barrel 2.1 x 5.4 x 1.delta adp-5fh c ac adapter 5.15v 1a power supply euorope,dell da65ns4-00 ac adapter 19.5v3.34a power supply genuine origi.gsm channel jamming can only be successful if the gsm signal strength is weak,ryobi p113 class 2 battery charger 18v one+ lithium-ion batterie,.

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