Blocker spy , gps blocker Danville
SVN49 in space (artist’s rendering). The signal anomaly from SVN 49 alerted researchers to new possibilities in analysis and monitoring. Chip Transition-Edge Based Signal Tracking for Ultra-Precise GNSS Monitoring Applications By Sanjeev Gunawardena, John Raquet and Frank van Graas Tracking GNSS signals using their underlying spreading sequence chip transition edges reveals positive versus negative chip asymmetries that are characteristic to each satellite. This asymmetry is due to various types of natural signal deformation that is known to occur within the satellite’s signal generation and transmission hardware. This novel concept of monitoring chip asymmetry can extend the state of the art in the areas of GNSS signal-quality monitoring and authentication. A technique to directly monitor chip asymmetry within a specially designed ChipShape GNSS receiver architecture employs separate code discriminators that align themselves to the chip rising-edge and falling-edge zero crossings. The detailed study of naturally-present deformations in GNSS signals is a relatively new activity that was sparked by the GPS SVN49 anomaly and the associated research activities that followed. This research area has numerous applications that include: Informing the design of sudden signal deformation detection and alerting algorithms for safety-of-life differential GNSS applications (such as aviation). GNSS signal “fingerprinting” and authentication. The detailed study of long-term degradation effects of GNSS satellite signal generation and transmission hardware. Analysis of the impact to the first item in this list of swapping a satellite’s signal generation modules by its control segment. Multipath detection, characterization, and mitigation are also closely tied to all research relating to GNSS signal deformation monitoring (SDM). High-fidelity SDM can be performed using two methods: observation of actual GNSS signals above the thermal noise floor using a high-gain dish antenna; the combination of long coherent integration and multi-correlator processing. Our previous research has revealed that these two methods are highly complementary for gaining full insight into the effects and causes of observed natural signal deformations. Among the handful of multi-correlator processing techniques that can be applied for SDM, ChipShape processing allows the correlation function resolution to be finely adjustable while providing good numerical processing efficiency. This processing technique also allows chip-transition eye diagrams to be constructed in order to provide additional insight such as positive and negative chip width asymmetries. One goal of our SDM research involves developing capabilities to observe GNSS signals with the highest levels of fidelity practically achievable in order to further the application areas described above. Key to this is developing techniques to track GNSS signals using a reference point that is both consistent and invariant (to the greatest extent possible) to nominal signal deformations and environmental effects such as multipath. Traditional multipath mitigating techniques such as narrow correlator and double-delta correlator are sub-optimal in this regard. This is because a significant portion of the signal around the chip transition point (that is, 10 percent and 20 percent for 0.1 chip correlator spacing, respectively) must be integrated to realize these discriminators and maintain robust tracking in moderate dynamics conditions. This integration tends to low-pass filter the desired observables. Chip Transition Edge-Based Code Tracking Figure 1 illustrates normalized C/A code chip rising edges for the GPS constellation of June 2014. These chip shapes were processed using a front-end with 24 MHz bandwidth. For visual comparison purposes, this and other related plots were obtained using 600 seconds of coherent integration. Figure 1. Normalized ChipShape rising edges for the GPS SPS constellation of June 2014; each color represents a different GPS satellite. The code tracking loop used to obtain this result employed an empirical normalized coherent rising-edge discriminator given by: (1) Where τ is relative code phase in chips, d is Early-Late correlator spacing,R’XYZ(i) is the differential correlation output for integer bin i obtained using ChipShape processing with masking sequence XYZ. bin(x) is a function that selects the closest ChipShape vector index that corresponds to relative code phase x. Each ChipShape processing bank is configured to span one chip early and one chip late with a resolution of N bins per chip, thus producing a ChipShape vector of 3N bins. α is a scale factor obtained through trial and error to yield robust tracking performance as observed by the code-minus-phase measurement. For the result shown in Figure 1, N=240 and d ≈ 0.017 chips. The figure clearly shows that the rising-edge zero crossings vary by SV. This variation is due to nominal signal deformation present in each GPS-SPS signal. Figure 2 illustrates the rising-edge zero crossings aligned to zero relative code phase. This alignment was performed by interpolating each R’NPN vector, precisely estimating code phase at the zero-crossing point, and shifting the curve appropriately. Figure 2. Normalized ChipShape rising edges for the GPS SPS constellation of June 2014: Zero crossing compensated. Figure 3 shows zero crossings for the falling edges after all rising edges were aligned to zero. The figure clearly illustrates subtle asymmetries between positive and negative chips which span a range of approximately ±1.5 meters. These asymmetries are not directly observable using typical GNSS receiver processing. However, they can lead to pseudorange biases through the resulting distortion that occurs to the traditional correlation function. Figure 3. Normalized ChipShape falling edges for the GPS SPS Constellation of June 2014 when rising edges are aligned to zero. In general, a family of code discriminators that precisely track chip rising-edge zero crossings can be defined by: (2) Where R’NPX is a linear combination of orthogonal ChipShape components that preserve the rising-edge transition, e.g.: R’NPX = R’NPN + R’NPP. R’FFX is a linear combination of orthogonal ChipShape components that preserve the non-transitioning (that is, flat) sections of chips, for example: R’FFX = R’PPP + R’PPN − R’NNP − R’NNN. a and b define an integration interval within the range −1 to +2 chips with respect to the chip transition edge. β is a bias compensation term. represents the real or imaginary component function for the coherent discriminator (depending on the modulation phase of the signal being tracked), or the magnitude function for a non-coherent discriminator implementation. Similarly, a family of code discriminators that precisely track chip falling-edge zero crossings that occur one chip after the rising edges tracked by the discriminator of Equation 2 can be defined by: (3) Then, a two-step technique to precisely monitor chip asymmetry can be described as follows: Setup two identical ChipShape processing channels to track a given PRN. Progressively tighten the code tracking loops to track the rising-edge zero crossings of the underlying signal using the discriminator of Equation 2. After steady-state zero-crossing rising-edge tracking is achieved, switch the second channel’s code discriminator to that of Equation 3. This will cause the second channel to track the zero crossings of the falling edges that occur one chip later in the underlying signal’s spreading sequence. The discriminator’s linear range must be wide enough to pull-in the chip asymmetry shown in Figure 3. When the second channel re-converges as a result of Step 2, the relative pseudorange displacement that occurs is equal to the chip asymmetry in meters. Hence, chip asymmetry can be monitored for the entire visible pass of a satellite. It is expected that positive and negative chip transitions are equally affected by channel distortions (that is, code and carrier multipath, ionosphere, troposphere, and the receiver antenna and front-end transfer function). Hence, the rising-edge-code-minus-falling-edge-code measure of chip asymmetry is expected to be invariant to most if not all channel distortions. Estimating Compensation Parameters As shown in Equations 2 and 3, due to natural signal deformation of many types, the rising and falling-edge zero-crossing discriminators are expected to be SV number, PRN code and elevation angle dependent. Hence, α and β must be estimated for a given correlator spacing d separately for all SV signals of the constellation. These values will also be specific to a given antenna and receiver front-end. Figure 4 illustrates the procedure used to estimate the scale factor and bias terms starting with the empirical rising-edge tracking process described above. Figure 4. Procedure for estimating scale factors and biases for rising-edge tracking early-late and double-delta code discriminators. The following figures illustrate the edge tracking discriminator calibration process using R’NPN for a single SV. Figure 5 illustrates the early-plus-late functions computed for various correlator spacings. As described previously, these functions typically do not cross through zero codephase due to natural signal deformation. Figure 5. Uncorrected rising-edge early-late discriminator functions for various correlator spacings. Figure 6 illustrates the rising-edge discriminator functions after bias compensation. Figure 6. Rising-edge early-late discriminator functions for various correlator spacings after bias compensation. Figure 7 shows the fully calibrated Early-Late rising-edge tracking code discriminators. Figure 7. Calibrated rising-edge early-late discriminator functions for various correlator spacings. Figure 8 illustrates the multipath error envelopes for the rising edge-based coherent code discriminators. The performance of these discriminators is similar to the traditional Early-Late discriminators for the same correlator spacings. This result is consistent with the theoretical bounds for code multipath. Figure 8. Multipath error envelopes for various rising edge-based coherent early-late code discriminator functions. As shown in Figure 4, the edge-tracking discriminators described in Equations 2 and 3 that are based on Early-Late bin spacings can be combined to obtain edge-tracking double-delta discriminators. Double-delta discriminators provide significantly improved multipath performance. In general, the edge-tracking double-delta discriminator for inner correlator spacing d is formed by the linear combination of two early-late edge-tracking discriminators, as follows: (4) Scale factor γ is estimated such that overall multipath error is minimized according to a given design criteria. Figure 9 illustrates the double-delta rising-edge discriminator with inner spacing of 0.017 chips. This discriminator has a pull-in range of approximately ±0.01 C/A chips. Figure 9. Rising-edge coherent double-delta code discriminator function. Inner correlator spacing is ~0.017 C/A chips. Figure 10 illustrates the non-linearity of this double-delta discriminator. Figure 10. Rising-edge coherent double-delta code discriminator function: Markers illustrate non-linearity. Figure 11 illustrates the multipath error envelope for the coherent rising-edge double-delta discriminator. Performance is consistent with a traditional second-derivative discriminator. Figure 11. Multipath error envelope for coherent rising-edge double-delta code discriminator with inner spacing of ~0.017 C/A chips. Figure 12 illustrates the performance of the various rising-edge tracking discriminators for a live-sky GPS-SPS signal (de-trended code-minus-carrier measurement). This figure clearly demonstrates robust code tracking and the multipath and noise mitigating benefit of ultra-narrow rising-edge discriminators. Figure 12. Code tracking performance for live sky data of various rising edge-based coherent early-late code discriminator functions. Conclusions An empirical chip rising edge-based tracking technique was used to observe the underlying chip shapes of live sky GPS-SPS signals at high fidelity. These results reveal positive versus negative chip asymmetries that are characteristic to each satellite. The novel concept and technique of directly monitoring chip asymmetry has potential to extend the state of the art in the areas of GNSS signal quality monitoring and authentication. Disclaimers. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. Acknowledgments. This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate. The authors thank Ohio University Avionics Engineering Center for making available a cluster of high-performance computers to process the 20 TB dataset for this research, and Kadi Merbouh of Ohio University for maintaining and overseeing operation of this equipment. The ChipShape processing is an extension of the signal compression technique first published by Larry Weill and licensed by NovAtel for use in its Vision Correlator technology. This article is based on a paper presented at ION Pacific PNT 2015 in Honolulu. SANJEEV GUNAWARDENA is a research assistant professor with the Autonomy & Navigation Technology (ANT) Center at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). He earned a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Ohio University. JOHN RAQUET is a professor of electrical engineering and the Director of the ANT Center at AFIT. He has been involved in navigation-related research for more than 25 years. FRANK VAN GRAAS is the Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ professor of electrical engineering and principal investigator with the Avionics Engineering Center at Ohio University. He received the ION Johannes Kepler, Thurlow and Burka awards, and is a Fellow and past president of the ION.
blocker spy
Hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,eng 3a-163wp12 ac adapter 12vdc 1.25a switching mode power suppl,sanyo ad-177 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used +(-) 2x5.5mm 90° round,alvarion 0438b0248 ac adapter 55v 2a universal power supply,liteon pa-1600-2a-lf ac adapter 12vdc 5a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9.7mm.yd-001 ac adapter 5vdc 2a new 2.3x5.3x9mm straight round barrel.dechang long-2028 ac adapter 12v dc 2000ma like new power supply,smp sbd205 ac dc adapter 5v 3a switching power supply,compact dual frequency pifa …,datalogic sc102ta0942f02 ac adapter 9vdc 1.67a +(-) 2x5.5mm ault,acbel api3ad14 19vdc 6.3a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm straight round.emerge retrak etchg31no usb firewire 3 in 1 car wall charger,ilan elec f1700c ac adapter 19v dc 2.6a used 2.7x5.4x10mm 90,ikea kmv-040-030-na ac adapter 4vdc 0.75a 3w used 2 pin din plug.hios cb-05 cl control box 20-30vdc 4a made in japan,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,toshiba pa2500u ac adapter 15v 2a used 3.1 x 6.5 x 9.8mm 90 degr.ault 5305-712-413a09 ac adapter 12v 5vdc 0.13a 0.5a power supply.fsp nb65 fsp065-aac ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a ibm laptop power sup.replacement vsk-0725 ac adapter 7.9vdc 1.4a power supply for pan,dell fa65ns0-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.34 used 5.2 x 7.3 x 13 mm s.cnet ad1605c ac adapter dc 5vdc 2.6a -(+)- 1x3.4mm 100-240vac us,lectroline 41a-d15-300(ptc) ac adapter 15vdc 300ma used -(+) rf,philips 8000x ac adapter dc 15v 420ma class 2 power supply new.car power adapter round barrel 3x5.5mm used power s.ad-0920m ac adapter 9vdc 200ma used 2x5x12mm -(+)- 90 degr round,type websploit(as shown in below image).jabra acw003b-06u1 ac adapter used 6vdc 0.3a 1.1x3.5mm round.ibm 02k6661 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac used.replacement a1012 ac adapter 24v 2.65a g4 for apple ibook powerb.while most of us grumble and move on,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius, Cell Phone signal Jammer ,skynet snp-pa5t ac adapter +48v 1.1a used -(+) shielded wire pow.The data acquired is displayed on the pc.110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius.hp c6409-60014 ac adapter 18vdc 1.1a -(+)- 2x5.5mm power supply.toshiba sadp-65kb ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm used rou,hi capacity le9702a-06 ac adapter 19vdc 3.79a -(+)- 1x3.4x5.5mm,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz.ad-2425-ul ac dc adapter 24v 250ma transformateur cl ii power su,condor dv-1611a ac adapter 16v 1.1a used 3.5mm mono jack.a cellphone jammer is pretty simple.power amplifier and antenna connectors.hipro hp-ok065b13 ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a 65w used -(+) 2x5.5x9..bestec ea0061waa ac adapter +12vdc 0.5a 6w used 2 x 5 x 10mm,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.channex tcr ac adapter 5.1vdc 120ma used 0.6x2.5x10.3mm round ba,new bright a865500432 12.8vdc lithium ion battery charger used 1,remember that there are three main important circuits,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones.hp compaq pa-1900-15c2 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a desktop power supp,liteon pa-1750-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.95a used 1.8 x 5.4 x 11.1 m,cellphone jammer complete notes,hp f1279a ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2x4.8mm straight.artesyn ssl12-7630 ac adapter 12vdc 1.25a -(+) 2x5.5mm used 91-5,kodak xa-0912 ac adapter 12v dc 700 ma -(+) li-ion battery charg,potrans up01011120 ac adapter +12vdc 1a power supply.wang wh-601e2ca-2 ac adapter 12vac 5a 60w used 2pin 120vac plug,astec sa35-3146 ac adapter 20vdc 1.75a power supply,compaq pe2004 ac adapter 15v 2.6a used 2.1 x 5 x 11 mm 90 degree,this is done using igbt/mosfet.linksys mt10-1050200-a1 ac adapter 5v 2a switching power supply.kodak k4000 ac adapter 2.8v 750ma used adp-3sb battery charger,it will be a wifi jammer only,dve dvr-0920ac-3508 ac adapter 9vac 200ma used 1.1x3.8x5.9mm rou,duracell dr130ac/dc-b ac adapter 0-24v dc 0.6a 0.7a 130w used po,anoma abc-6 fast battery charger 2.2vdc 1.2ahx6 used 115vac 60hz.
Toshiba pa2400u ac adapter 18v 1.1a notebook laptop power supply,tec rb-c2001 battery charger 8.4v dc 0.9a used b-sp2d-chg ac 100,oem dds0121-052150 5.2vdc 1.5a -(+)- auto cigarette lighter car.samsung hsh060abe ac adapter 11-30v dc used portable hands-free.xenotronixmhtx-7 nimh battery charger class 2 nickel metal hyd,motorola psm4841b ac adapter 5.9vdc 350ma cellphone charger like,ibm 84g2357 ac dc adapter 10-20v 2-3.38a power supply.business listings of mobile phone jammer.ktec ka12d090120046u ac adapter 9vdc 1200ma used 2 x 5.4 x 14.2.mb132-075040 ac adapter 7.5vdc 400ma used molex 2 pin direct plu.apple a1172 ac adapter 18vdc 4.6a 16vdc 3.6a used 5 pin magnetic,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference.hewlett packard series hstnn-la12 19.5v dc 11.8a -(+)- 5.1x7.3,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.seiko sii pw-0006-u1 ac adapter 6vdc 1.5a +(-) 3x6.5mm 120vac cl,a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,military/insurgency communication jamming,hp 384021-001 compaq ac adapter 19vdc 4.7a laptop power supply.madcatz 2752 ac adapter 12vdc 340ma used -(+) class 2 power supp,completely autarkic and mobile,l0818-60b ac adapter 6vac 600ma used 1.2x3.5x8.6mm round barrel,razer ts06x-2u050-0501d ac adapter 5vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x8mm r,compaq 2824 series auto adapter 18.5v 2.2a 30w power supply,creative tesa9b-0501900-a ac adapter 5vdc 1.5a ad20000002420,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,netline communications technologies ltd,mastercraft 054-3103-0 dml0529 90 minute battery charger 10.8-18,our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,dpx351314 ac adapter 6vdc 300ma used -(+)- 2.4 x 5.3 x 10 mm str,65w-dlj004 replacement ac adapter 19.5v 3.34a laptop power suppl.a strong signal is almost impossible to jam due to the high power of the transmitter tower of a cellular operator,lei mu12-2075150-a1 ac adapter 7.5v 1.5a power supply.symbol pa-303-01 ac adapter dc 12v 200ma used charging dock for,cui 3a-501dn12 ac adapter used 12vdc 4.2a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm switch.
Shen zhen zfxpa01500090 ac adapter 9vdc 1.5a used -(+) 0.5 x 2.5.rocketfish rf-mcb90-t ac adapter 5vdc 0.6a used mini usb connect.liteon pa-1650-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm,cisco adp-15vb ac adapter 3.3v dc 4550ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° 100-,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,bc-826 ac dc adapter 6v 140ma power supply direct plug in,spy mobile phone jammer in painting,gold peak automobile adapter 15vdc 4a used 2.5x5.5mm 11001100331.motorola htn9014c 120v standard charger only no adapter included.circuit-test std-09006u ac adapter 9vdc 0.6a 5.4w used -(+) 2x5.,hipower ea11603 ac adapter 18-24v 160w laptop power supply 2.5x5,fujitsu 0335c2065 ac adapter 20v dc 3.25a used 2.5x5.5x12.3mm.p-056a rfu adapter power supply for use with playstation brick d.gateway liteon pa-1900-04 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a 90w used 2.5x5.,replacement dc359a ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a used 2.3x5.5x10.1mm,.
